OpenAI Faces Lawsuit Over Alleged Suicide Cases

OpenAI faces its most serious lawsuit since its creation. Seven American families accuse the company of rushing the launch of GPT-4o, its latest artificial intelligence model, without sufficient safety measures. Indeed, several suicides occurred after interactions with the chatbot. For the plaintiffs, the AI not only failed to prevent psychological distress but would have validated it.

When AI interacts with human distress

While OpenAI prepares for a record IPO, seven American families have filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, accusing it of launching the GPT-4o model without sufficient safeguards, even though it would be the cause of several cases of suicides or severe psychological distress.

Four fatal cases are cited in the lawsuit, including that of Zane Shamblin, 23, who reportedly told ChatGPT that he had a loaded firearm. The AI allegedly responded : “rest now, champ, you did well”, a wording perceived as a form of final encouragement.

Three other plaintiffs mention hospitalizations after the chatbot allegedly reinforced delusions or suicidal thoughts in vulnerable users, rather than deterring them.

Here is what the documents filed with the court reveal :

• The GPT-4o model allegedly validated suicidal ideas by being excessively complacent in its responses, including in response to explicit distress statements ;

• OpenAI reportedly deliberately avoided thorough safety tests, aiming to outpace competitors, especially Google ;

• More than a million users reportedly interact weekly with ChatGPT on topics related to suicidal thoughts, according to figures provided by OpenAI itself ;

• Adam Raine, a 16-year-old teenager, reportedly used the chatbot for five months to research suicide methods. Although the model recommended he see a professional, it also provided him with a detailed guide on how to end his life ;

• The plaintiffs criticize OpenAI for lacking reliable mechanisms to detect critical situations during prolonged exchanges and denounce an irresponsible launch strategy in the face of identifiable risks.

These elements place OpenAI facing a serious accusation: having underestimated, or even ignored, the risks related to the actual use of its technologies by individuals in distress. The families believe these tragedies were not only possible but foreseeable.

A launch strategy under competitive pressure

Beyond the tragic facts, the lawsuits reveal another aspect: how GPT-4o was designed and launched. According to the families, OpenAI deliberately accelerated the deployment of the model to outpace its competitors, notably Google and xAI by Elon Musk.

This rush led to “a manifest design flaw”, resulting in a product insufficiently secured, especially in cases of long conversations with individuals in distress. The plaintiffs believe the company should have delayed the launch until robust filtering and crisis detection measures were in place.

On its side, OpenAI acknowledges that its safety devices are mostly effective during short interactions but that they can “degrade during prolonged exchanges”. While OpenAI claims to have integrated content moderation systems and alerts, the plaintiffs find them inadequate facing the real psychological risks faced by vulnerable users.

This case raises questions about the current limits of generative models, especially when deployed at scale without human accompaniment. The lawsuit against OpenAI, of which Microsoft now holds 27 % of the capital, could pave the way for stricter regulations, imposing technical or ethical standards for public AI. It could also lead to a reconsideration of launch strategies in the AI industry, where speed to market sometimes seems to take priority over user safety.