The semiconductor industry has become the battleground of a technological war between the United States and China. Washington, concerned about preserving its strategic advantage in artificial intelligence, has already imposed several restrictions on the export of high-performance chips. Despite these measures, China has continued to make progress, prompting Donald Trump to consider further tightening the limitations aimed at Nvidia. This project could reshape the balances of the global AI market and weaken American companies. Between national security imperatives and economic stakes, this decision fits into a strategy aimed at curbing Beijing's technological rise. However, the effectiveness of these restrictions remains uncertain, as Chinese companies double down on efforts to circumvent these sanctions and develop their own alternatives.